sustainability – Page 4 – Texas A&M AgriLife Organic

Texas Organic Rice Update: Insights for Producers and Researchers

Great picture by USA Rice at the recent Western Rice Conference, January 15th in El Campo.

Organic rice production in Texas continues to evolve, with advancements in weed control, fertility management, and ratoon cropping showing promising results. This update covers the latest developments, challenges, and resources available to organic rice growers, with implications for both organic and conventional production systems.

Advancements in Organic Rice Production

1. Enhancing Yields with Ratoon Crop Production
Texas researchers are leading efforts to improve ratoon crop yields in organic rice. This practice of harvesting a second crop from the stubble of the first offers a sustainable way to maximize productivity without replanting, making it an attractive option for organic farmers. Paragraph from study below:

“To enhance nitrogen availability, the researchers utilized organic-approved inputs such as compost and cover crops, finding that an equivalent of 90 pounds of nitrogen per acre was optimal for achieving the greatest yields, with greater rates offering no additional advantage. This insight helps farmers optimize nitrogen inputs using sustainable sources, saving costs while promoting organic practices.”

2. Organic Variety Trials – 2023
Organic variety trials conducted in Garwood, Texas, showed promising results. These trials not only help identify suitable varieties for organic systems but also aid in improving overall seed supply for future seasons.

Variety Average	Dry (lbs./ac.)	Dry (Bu./ac.)	Dry (barrels/ac.)
XP753	7233	160.7	44.6
RT7401	7091	157.6	43.8
RT7301	6716	149.2	41.5
RT7302	7263	161.4	44.8
XL723	6760	150.2	41.7

Overcoming Challenges in Organic Rice Production

1. Weed Control Innovations
Weeds remain a major challenge for organic rice farmers. Here are some key tools and practices being used:

Northern Jointvetch Control: The bioherbicide LockDown (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. Aeschynomene) has shown great effectiveness. This live organism must be applied with a surfactant, offering a cost-effective solution.
Hemp Sesbania Management: USDA-approved use of Albifimbria verrucaria (formerly Myrothecium verrucaria) has demonstrated success against hemp sesbania and other weeds like sicklepod and pigweed.
Water-Seeding Method: The pinpoint flood system effectively suppresses weedy rice by creating anaerobic conditions that inhibit germination.

2. Organic Fertility Programs
Organic rice growers are adopting long-term fertility strategies, including the use of compost and biostimulants. Research highlights the importance of repeated compost applications to boost soil biological activity and improve yields.

Biostimulants in Focus: Biostimulants such as humic acids, seaweed extracts, and microbial inoculants can enhance plant growth. However, product quality remains inconsistent, necessitating thorough testing and careful application.

Market Trends and Opportunities

The organic rice market faces challenges related to supply chains, international competition, and fraud. Key issues include:

GMO concerns, especially in Mexico and China.
Limited seed supply due to adverse weather conditions in 2024, which impacted production in Texas.

Picture of an article in an Indian News Post showing “GMO” rice sent to Europe!

Despite these hurdles, Texas continues to work to expand organic rice production. Programs like the Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP) are equipping farmers with mentorship, community-building opportunities, and technical training to support successful transitions to organic farming.

Resources for Organic Farmers

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Organic Program provides a range of resources to support organic rice growers:

Podcasts: On TOPP of Organic offers insights into organic production practices.
Newsletters: Subscribe to bimonthly and monthly newsletters for the latest updates.
Workshops and Field Days: Covering topics such as certification, conservation planning, and marketing.

The Future of Organic Rice in Texas

Organic rice production has been a rapidly growing industry with vast potential but there are plenty of struggles right now. By addressing challenges like weed control and fertility management, and leveraging mentorship and research programs, Texas farmers can lead the way in sustainable and organic agriculture.

Lastly, this information is from Cognitive Market Research off their website. I took a picture of this graph showing that Organic Rice sales are growing tremendously and will continue to grow. I have rice growers say to me that people have quit buying organic rice and they believe this because our organic rice farmers can’t get contracts to grow organic rice. The problem is not that our US consumers don’t buy organic rice it is that organic rice imports are filling that demand – NOT Texas organic rice producers! So, I ask the question, “Where is this organic rice coming from?”

Other Rice Resources (just click a link!)

Addressing the Challenges of Organic Cotton Seed

As the Extension Organic Specialist with Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, I work closely with organic cotton farmers to navigate the complexities of maintaining organic certification. Recently, issues surrounding the sourcing and certification of organic cotton seed have come to the forefront, particularly with the influx of imported planting seed from other countries. This situation is compounded by the stringent requirements of the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) and potential conflicts in international trade.

Key Issues with GOTS and Organic Cotton Seed

Contamination Risks

GOTS certifies cotton fiber from the gin facility to the mill but does not extend this certification back to planting cotton seed. This poses a significant risk for farmers, as even with rigorous adherence to organic practices, their crops can become contaminated through cross-pollination, especially in regions like the cotton belt where GMO crops are prevalent. Contamination, detected in seed cotton samples at the gin before ginning (raw cotton from the farm), can lead to farmers being excluded from organic certification for up to five years, creating severe economic and operational challenges.

Lack of Standardized GMO Thresholds

Currently, GOTS does not establish a GMO contamination threshold for cotton seed, which complicates the situation for organic cotton farmers. While many USA cotton seed companies work to maintain low levels of GMO contamination (usually below 5%), GOTS demands strict purity in the final product. This standard requires seed cotton (seed, leaves, stems) testing because it is the only part of the cotton plant containing DNA, where contamination can be detected. However, this rigid approach does not fully account for the post-planting natural cross-pollination risks that farmers face, such as GMO pollen carried by insects into organic fields. This discrepancy between the ideal purity GOTS seeks and the realities of farming highlights the need for a practical and fair standard that supports organic farmers without penalizing them for uncontrollable factors.

To address these challenges, a multi-faceted approach involving key industry stakeholders is essential. Here’s how we can move forward:

1. Establishing a Fair GMO Contamination Standard:

Implementing a reasonable GMO contamination threshold for planting cotton seed would significantly alleviate the testing burden on farmers and prevent unjust penalties. This standard should be recognized and enforced by all organic certification bodies, including GOTS. If the plants grown from this approved cotton seed are tested and not the seed cotton at the gin the farmer would be protected from the natural potential of seed contamination.

2. Enhanced Collaboration Among Industry Stakeholders:

Seek advice and input from the industry, including farmers, Extension specialists, researchers, ginners, and manufacturers, to determine acceptable thresholds and protocols based on constraints faced by each group. This collaborative approach ensures that the standards are practical and attainable. We, here in Texas, represent the largest cotton production area in the world and want to be involved in this process.

3. Advocating for Policy Changes:

Engaging with policymakers and certifiers to establish upfront certification for cotton seed would ensure farmers have a clear understanding of the seed quality they are purchasing. Specific policies might include establishing minimum GMO thresholds and clear guidelines for contamination levels, mitigating risks, and supporting farmers in maintaining their organic certification. With upfront testing by seed companies and certifications from USDA, gins could operate more confidently, alleviating the burden not only on farmers but also on the ginning facilities themselves.

Addressing Import Issues

The reliance on non-GMO cottonseed imported from other countries, while possibly beneficial in the short run, introduces additional complications. Political and economic instability can disrupt supply chains, and without stringent testing, the risk of unintended contamination remains. Developing robust testing protocols, such as frequent sampling and standardized testing methods, for all imported seed is crucial to ensure they meet the same standards required domestically. It will also create a more transparent, open and balanced business environment for all.

Conclusion

The path to resolving these issues is through collaboration, standardization, and proactive policymaking. By working together, we can create a fair and sustainable environment for organic cotton farmers, ensuring their efforts are recognized and supported throughout the supply chain.

Exploring Organic Research: Advancing Texas Organic Production

Photo: The Organic Center: Organic Research Highlights

Organic agriculture continues to expand in Texas as both farmers and consumers recognize the benefits of sustainable and ecologically sound farming practices¹. At the forefront of this growth are research initiatives that tackle challenges and create opportunities for organic producers. In Texas, we are working on several innovative organic research projects that are helping to pave the way for a more resilient, profitable, and sustainable organic agriculture industry. These projects not only foster organic agriculture growth but also contribute to improving farmer economics, boosting crop and livestock productivity, and enhancing the health of plants, animals, and people. I feel privileged to work on these projects with outstanding researchers and extension collaborators who share a passion for organic agriculture as I do, making this work both impactful and deeply rewarding.

Ongoing Research Projects in Texas Organic Agriculture

Research, Development, and Evaluation of Diesel Nut Oil – Crop Feedstocks Developing alternative crop feedstocks for diesel nut oil production that align with organic farming systems, offering economic and energy solutions.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Humic Acid Substance (MFG 150) on Milk Production Investigating how humic acid can naturally enhance milk production, providing a sustainable approach to improving organic dairy productivity.
Evaluating Mastitis Treatment Without Antibiotics Utilizing AHV Exploring alternative methods to treat mastitis in livestock, supporting animal health while maintaining organic standards.
Producing Resilient Organic Transplants Under Controlled Environments Examining methods for producing stronger organic transplants to ensure better crop establishment and resilience in challenging conditions.
Hi-A Corn and Management Practices for Nutritional Food and Feed Breeding high-anthocyanin corn varieties and developing practices to maximize their nutritional value for both human consumption and animal feed.
Climate-Smart Organic Sorghum Partnership for Grain and Silage Production Partnering with producers to grow climate-resilient organic sorghum for grain and silage, contributing to sustainable feed and food systems.
Fostering Sustainable Organic Cotton Production in the U.S. Through Research and Outreach Enhancing organic cotton production through research and extension efforts that address challenges like pest management, soil health, and market development.
Boosting Organic Leafy Green Production Using Summer-Adapted Cover Crops in Texas Leveraging cover crops to improve soil health and create conditions for robust organic leafy green production in warmer climates.
Field Protocol for “Huitlacoche Delicacy: Turning the Lost Corn Crop into a High-Value Delicacy Vegetable” Creating a framework for growing and marketing huitlacoche (corn smut), turning a common crop affliction into a gourmet organic product.
Increasing Consumer Acceptance and Farmer Profitability by Breeding More Nutritious Cowpeas Breeding and promoting cowpeas with higher nutritional value, meeting consumer demands while improving profitability for organic farmers.
Advancing Discovery to Market – Organic Pre-emerge Weed Control Technology Developing organic preemergence weed control solutions to reduce reliance on tillage and labor-intensive practices, improving efficiency in organic farming systems.

What’s Next for 2025

We already have some proposals in the pipeline for submission including a few Texas Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Block Grants, at least 2 new USDA Organic Research and Extension Initiative grants and several Southern SARE grants we are waiting on approval and a few more to apply for in May. There are always new things we need to study, new concepts to explore and always lots of questions from farmers that need an answer. Add to this list issues with climate extremes, varieties that meet organic needs, biostimulant research – the list is endless!

Why Organic Research Matters

Organic research is vital for driving innovation and addressing the unique challenges faced by organic producers. The projects mentioned above exemplify how targeted research can:

Support Agricultural Growth: By developing resilient crop varieties², enhancing pest control methods³, and improving soil health⁴, organic research ensures consistent production and increased yields.
Improve Farmer Economics: Projects focused on reducing input costs, increasing marketable yields, and creating value-added opportunities (like huitlacoche) directly impact farmer profitability⁵.

References

Organic Trade Association. Consumer Perception of USDA Organic and Competing Label Claims. Euromonitor International, April 2024. ↩︎
“Organic Farming and Soil Health: A Review.”
The Organic Center. Available at: https://www.organic-center.org/sites/default/files/project/2020/03/soil-health-review_shadetully.pdf ↩︎
“Integrated Pest Management Strategies in Organic Farming.”
Bulletin of the National Research Centre, Springer Open. Available at: https://bnrc.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42269-024-01226-x ↩︎
“Organic Farming and Soil Health: A Review.”
The Organic Center. Available at: https://www.organic-center.org/sites/default/files/project/2020/03/soil-health-review_shadetully.pdf ↩︎
“The Economics of Integrated Organic Farming: Cost-Benefit Analysis.”
Husfarm. Available at: https://husfarm.com/article/the-economics-of-integrated-organic-farming-cost-benefit-analysis ↩︎

Corn Breeding – Not an Easy Process

In the world of organic agriculture, the continuous development of improved corn varieties is crucial for addressing the evolving challenges faced by farmers. This November, Dr. Wenwei Xu, a TAMU Research Corn Breeder from Lubbock, and I traveled to work in the Winter Corn Nursery in Ponce, Puerto Rico. Our mission involved carefully collecting pollen from specific corn varieties and crossing them onto the silks of other varieties to produce hybrids for future variety production.

The Winter Corn Nursery plays a vital role in accelerating the breeding process by allowing researchers to conduct additional growing cycles during the off-season. This enables breeders to make faster progress in developing new varieties with desirable traits such as brown mid-rib, improved leaf structure for weed suppression, drought tolerance, high antioxidant production, and enhanced silage production capability. By utilizing winter nurseries, breeders can significantly reduce the time required to bring new, improved varieties to market, ultimately benefiting organic farmers and the agricultural industry as a whole.

The work of corn breeders is essential for advancing organic agriculture and addressing the unique challenges faced by organic farmers. Through careful selection and crossing of varieties with known traits, breeders aim to develop new hybrids that combine multiple desirable characteristics. These efforts result in corn varieties that are better adapted to organic growing conditions, more resilient to pests and diseases, and capable of producing higher yields with improved nutritional profiles. By continually refining and enhancing corn genetics, breeders contribute to the sustainability and productivity of organic farming systems, helping to meet the growing demand for organic products while supporting the long-term viability of organic agriculture.

Poll Says: Dicamba Drift Continues to Impact Organic Crops in West Texas

Soybeans damaged by dicamba drift. Genetic Literacy Project

Overview of Dicamba Drift Issue in 2024

Dicamba, a commonly used herbicide in conventional farming, has long been a point of contention, particularly in regions where organic crops are grown alongside conventional fields. In 2024, the persistence of dicamba drift has become increasingly problematic for organic farmers in West Texas, affecting a range of sensitive crops, particularly cotton and peanuts.

To understand the scale of this issue, I recently conducted a poll targeting 204 organic farmers from Seminole to areas just north of Lubbock. The poll, sent out by email, specifically asked if they had observed dicamba drift on their sensitive crops this year. With a response rate of 27.5% (56 responses), the results are indicative of a widespread concern.

Poll Results: Dicamba Drift on Sensitive Crops

In this poll, farmers were asked a straightforward question: “Have you seen dicamba drift on sensitive crops in 2024?” The results revealed the following breakdown:

50% reported observing dicamba drift on their crops.
44% stated they had not observed drift.
5% mentioned “maybe” they had observed some drift damage.

The responses reflect a troubling level of dicamba exposure, with half of the respondents directly witnessing the impact of drift. While dicamba is designed to target specific weeds, the herbicide’s tendency to volatilize and drift into neighboring fields has made it difficult for organic farmers to avoid its effects, especially in the South Plains.

Impact on Crop Yields

Several farmers shared the tangible impacts dicamba drift has had on their yields. One farmer, who has been practicing organic farming for over three decades, described this year as the “worst dicamba drift in years.” He noted that his soybean yield was cut in half, with probable yield reductions in cotton as well. This problem was bad enough that his comments to me questioned whether it was worth it to keep farming!

The Broader Implications for Organic Farming

The prevalence of dicamba drift has significant ramifications for organic producers in Texas. Yield reductions not only threaten the economic viability of these farmers but also jeopardize their certification status, as organic crops must remain free of prohibited substances. Dicamba drift challenges their ability to meet these requirements, complicating the already demanding task of managing organic systems in a predominantly conventional farming region.

This is just for Awareness

The findings from this poll underscore the need for better management practices to prevent dicamba drift. Organic farmers have invested years into building sustainable systems that meet organic standards, yet their efforts can be undermined by the unintended consequences of a herbicide application on a nearby conventional farm.

Moving forward, it is essential to foster a dialogue between organic and conventional farmers, to find solutions that protect organic crops from unintended herbicide exposure. Additionally, increased awareness and education about the volatility of dicamba and its potential effects on neighboring fields could be critical steps in mitigating drift.

With dicamba products currently off the market, there is growing concern about whether they will be approved for use again in future years. The uncertainty surrounding future approvals adds an additional layer of stress for organic farmers, who are already grappling with the fallout of dicamba drift. Better and more effective safeguards are crucial if dicamba is to return, to ensure that organic farming can continue to thrive without fear of “chemical trespass” on neighboring farms.

What’s Next – FieldWatch offers help

In response to these ongoing challenges posed by any pesticide drift or accidental pesticide application, the Texas Department of Agriculture (TDA) is collaborating with FieldWatch to implement a mapping registry in 2025. This program aims to enhance communication between specialty crop producers, beekeepers, and pesticide applicators, thereby mitigating the risks associated with pesticide drift.

FieldWatch is a non-profit organization that offers free, voluntary mapping tools designed to promote awareness of sensitive sites. By registering their fields, vineyards, orchards and apiaries, producers and beekeepers can inform applicators of locations that require caution during pesticide application. This proactive approach fosters cooperation and helps protect vulnerable crops from unintended exposure.

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service will oversee the data management for FieldWatch in Texas, with your Extension Organic Specialist (myself!), serving as the data manager. This collaboration ensures that the registry is maintained with accurate and up-to-date information, facilitating effective communication among all stakeholders.

The introduction of FieldWatch in Texas is a significant step toward protecting organic and specialty crops from pesticide drift. By participating in this registry, farmers can contribute to better use and application of pesticides, ultimately supporting the sustainability of all agriculture in the region.

Organic Grain Marketing Webinar Set

Please mark your calendar for an Online Microsoft TEAMS Webinar discussing Organic Grain Markets in Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. The meeting will be held on Monday, November 18 at 1:00 pm (CST) on TEAMS. To register, just click the link below and you will be directed to a registration page and be sure to include the invite on your reminder calendar. Need help with getting on a TEAMS Webinar just click this link to learn how: TEAMS Webinar Made Simple

Organic Grain Marketing Webinar Registration

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension is pleased to present this Organic Grain Marketing Webinar, bringing together both organic grain farmers and buyers (mills, processors, feedlots, dairy) to discuss key criteria for producing high-quality grains and meeting market demands. The event will feature special presentations from Argus Media Group, offering insights into organic grain market trends and reporting. Also included will be engaging discussion from selected growers and buyers on what it takes to produce and purchase organic grains that meet organic industry standards. There is no cost to participate, just be sure to register so you can get information to sign onto the program webinar.

The State of Organic Grain Markets: Why Take Action?

You may be wondering why this meeting is crucial, or why you should participate. Frankly, I’ve been hesitant to host such events because these discussions often bring tension from both growers and buyers. Yet, the current state of organic grain markets leaves me no choice but to step in. Here are some pressing issues that have been affecting the market, creating inefficiencies and frustrations that this webinar aims to address:

Price Transparency Issues
Many organic farmers feel they are operating in the dark. Unlike conventional markets with established price discovery systems, organic grain pricing remains inconsistent and opaque. Farmers struggle to find reliable data on market prices, making it difficult to plan their production effectively. Buyers, on the other hand, are uncertain whether they are paying a fair price, which can lead to friction in negotiations. This meeting aims to shed light on the data gaps and discuss ways to make the market more transparent.
Limited Market Information
A lack of comprehensive market data on organic grains affects both supply and demand. Farmers don’t have access to real-time demand forecasts or historical data, which leads to overproduction or underproduction. This not only results in wasted resources but also impacts profitability. Buyers are equally frustrated by the lack of a consistent supply, as farmers cannot adequately meet demand when production planning is based on incomplete information. By bringing buyers and sellers together, we aim to establish better communication and data sharing practices to bridge this gap.
Reluctance to Share Information
Another issue is the reluctance among industry players to share market information. Some participants prefer to keep their cards close to the chest, fearing that sharing too much data might give their competitors an advantage. However, this creates a fragmented market, where both buyers and sellers are unable to make fully informed decisions. This webinar will serve as a platform to address the hesitations and work toward more collaborative market practices.
Fragmented Market Systems
The organic grain market is fragmented, with different regions operating under different pricing and demand systems. What sells for a premium in one region might be undervalued in another, and there is no easy way for farmers to tap into broader markets. This disconnect limits opportunities for growth and scalability. One goal of this meeting is to identify ways to standardize market systems, making it easier for farmers to access new markets and for buyers to secure consistent supplies.
Incentives to Engage in Market Information Systems
Smaller organic grain producers often see little incentive to participate in formal market reporting. The perceived complexity and lack of immediate benefits discourage farmers from engaging in platforms that could, over time, benefit the entire market. Through discussions with both buyers and sellers, we hope to explore solutions that could offer better incentives for engagement, such as direct market access or premiums for those who participate.

By addressing these issues head-on, this webinar offers a unique opportunity for both growers and buyers to not only learn from each other but to actively shape the future of the organic grain market.

I got this information below which also highlights the need for more information.