Blog Posts

New to Texas Organic?

In case you didn’t know: Texas has impressive diversity in its organic agricultural production. The organic crops grown in Texas encompass staple commodities such as peanuts, cotton, corn, wheat, sorghum, alfalfa, rice, hay, grass, and soybeans. Beyond these staples, Texas farmers cultivate a wide array of vegetables, including lettuce, spinach, onions, tomatoes, peppers, kale, radishes, garlic, and microgreens. The state’s organic fruit production features watermelons, strawberries, blueberries, and various citrus fruits like grapefruits and oranges. Additionally, a variety of herbs such as basil, cilantro, dill, parsley, and other spices are grown organically. Texas also supports the cultivation of flowers, transplants, and specialty crops like mushrooms, aloe vera, and cacti.

Complementing its crop production, Texas’s organic agriculture sector includes a growing livestock industry. Organic farmers in the state produce milk and from milk lots of other dairy products like butter and cheese. There is a growing demand for dairy products nationwide and Texas leads in organic dairy.

Texans also raise organic chickens, turkeys, and cattle, supplying organic beef, poultry, and eggs to consumers. Moreover, Texas organic producers’ market organic beef and dairy replacement livestock, which are sold to organic operations both within the state and across the country. This extensive range of organic crops and livestock products demonstrates Texas’s rich and diverse organic agriculture sector, solidifying its position as a leader in organic farming.

So, what does a typical organic producer in Texas look like? Well this producer is probably located in one of 5 organic “hot spots” in Texas – the High Plains from Amarillo north and doing dairy, grain or silage crops; or maybe the South Plains from Lubbock south to Andrews growing peanuts, cotton or wheat; or possibly in the Central Texas area bounded by Comanche and Waco south to Austin, and growing forage crops for more dairy producers or small acreage vegetables; or maybe in the Gulf Coast area from Beaumont to El Campo growing organic rice; or this organic producer is possibly in the Rio Grande Valley right up against the Mexico border growing citrus and vegetables. With over 576,000 acres certified organic they are scattered across a big state. And they aren’t small either with the average sized organic farm being 1,249 acres. Even the median (right in the middle of the list) acreage at 370 acres is considered large for most states’ organic programs – everything is bigger in Texas!

Who Grows Organic Peanuts in the World

Ever wondered where organic peanuts are produced? Examining the global map of certified organic peanut farms reveals some interesting patterns. Countries like China, India, Brazil, Argentina, and Togo are major players in organic peanut production, and the United States also makes significant contributions.

Here’s a breakdown of the acreage dedicated to organic production with an emphasis on peanuts in some important countries:

  • China: Approximately 152,860 acres, with companies like Jilin Jinya Nut Processing Co., Ltd. contributing significantly.
  • India: Various Organic Grower Groups collectively manage over 103,686 acres of organic peanut farms, demonstrating the effectiveness of cooperative farming.
  • Brazil: Around 60,592 acres, with Sambazon do Brasil Agroindustrial Ltda contributing a substantial 60,573 acres.
  • Argentina: About 36,636 acres, with companies like Campos Verdes Argentinos SA and Conosur Foods Argentina SA being key contributors.
  • Togo: 53,325 acres managed by SOYCAIN TRADING SARL U, making it a significant player in West Africa.
  • United States: Numerous family-owned farms collectively contribute over 100,000 acres to organic peanut production, with notable producers one in West Texas managing 9,355 acres.

China’s Contribution

China leads with over 152,000 acres dedicated to organic peanut farming. Companies such as Jilin Jinya Nut Processing Co., Ltd. and Wuqiang County Jiyuan Oil Crop Planting Professional Cooperative are significant contributors. Different regions within China add to this market, but China consumes most of what it produces.

India’s Cooperative Farming

In India, numerous Organic Grower Groups (which have group certification) collectively manage over 103,000 acres. These groups demonstrate how small farmers work together to make a significant impact, collaborating to drive success in organic agriculture while keeping costs down.

Brazil’s Organic Production

In Brazil, Sambazon do Brasil Agroindustrial Ltda has 60,573 acres dedicated to organic production, including a substantial amount of peanuts. This company is not only a leader in Brazil but also one of the largest certified organic producers in the world.

Argentina’s Key Players

Companies like Campos Verdes Argentinos SA and Conosur Foods Argentina SA are significant contributors in Argentina, with combined acreage reaching around 36,000 acres. These farms focus on cotton and peanuts, concentrating in regions suitable for these crops.

Togo’s Role in West Africa

In Togo, SOYCAIN TRADING SARL U manages 53,325 acres, contributing significantly to the global peanut supply from West Africa. It raises questions about how much they export!

Family Farms in the USA

Now, let’s consider the United States. While we may not have single operations as large as those in China or Brazil, the U.S. has a network of family-owned farms that collectively contribute over 100,000 acres to organic production. For example, one Texas farmer manages 9,355 acres, making him one of the prominent certified organic peanut producers in the country.

These farms often represent family legacies in organic agriculture, with names appearing across multiple farms in Texas and elsewhere. This reflects the enduring nature of family farming traditions contributing to the organic peanut industry.

Acknowledging Other Contributors

We might have missed highlighting some of the smaller but important players in the organic peanut industry:

  • Paraguay: Companies like Indugrapa SA and Alemán Paraguayo Canadiense S.A. contribute over 10,760 acres to global organic peanut production.
  • Bolivia: Finca San Carlos manages 3,118 acres, adding to South America’s contribution.
  • Vietnam: Companies like FG Products Company Limited and Hebes Company Limited collectively manage over 8,600 acres.

These contributions, while smaller, are vital to the diversity and resilience of the global organic peanut supply chain.

Bringing It All Together

These peanut producers are essential links in the chain that brings organic products from the farm to your table. Organic begins on the farm and remains so until it is packaged.

Most people don’t consider where their peanuts come from or the journey they take. The majority of these farms are committed to sustainable practices, ensuring that organic integrity is maintained every step of the way. With the recent implementation of Strengthening Organic Enforcement (SOE) rules, the entire value chain—including brokers and even transporters—is now certified to ensure accountability.

Organic Oat Resources

Click a link below to scroll down!

  1. Oats: The Nutrient-Rich Grain for Food, Forage, and Soil Improvement
  2. Advantages of Growing Oats as Grain
  3. Advantages of Growing Oats for Grazing
  4. Advantages of Growing Oats for Silage
  5. Oat Seed Count and Weight
  6. Planting Rate
  7. Planting Depth
  8. Additional Considerations
  9. Overall Benefits
  10. Seed Companies
  11. Organic Small Grain (wheat, oats, triticale, barley, and rye) Traders
  12. Other Resources

Oats: The Nutrient-Rich Grain for Food, Forage, and Soil Improvement

Organic oat production plays a vital role in sustainable agriculture, offering a high-nutrient, low-input crop that supports both human and environmental health. Oats are often grown in organic systems for their ability to improve soil structure, suppress weeds, and add valuable organic matter. They are particularly prized for their high fiber and beta-glucan content, making them a staple in the health food market. Organic oats appeal to consumers looking for pesticide-free, nutrient-dense food options, while their production helps farmers reduce chemical dependencies and maintain ecological balance. By prioritizing organic oat cultivation, producers can tap into a growing market for clean, wholesome grains while promoting regenerative farming practices.

Food Use: Oats are a popular grain used globally in a variety of foods, especially breakfast items like oatmeal, granola, and muesli. They are known for their high nutritional value, being rich in soluble fiber, particularly beta-glucans, which help lower cholesterol levels and regulate blood sugar. Oats also provide a good source of carbohydrates, protein, healthy fats, and essential nutrients such as iron, magnesium, and B vitamins. They are often processed into different forms, including rolled oats, steel-cut oats, and oat flour, which are used in baking, snacks, and health foods.

Animal Feed: Oats are a highly valued feed grain, especially for horses, cattle, and poultry. They are known for their palatability and digestibility, providing a good balance of energy, fiber, and protein. The relatively high fiber content in the hulls of oats makes them a preferred choice for young animals and those with specific dietary needs, such as horses and lactating livestock. Oats are also less likely to cause digestive upsets compared to higher-starch grains like corn, making them a safer feed option for many animals. They can be fed whole, rolled, or ground, depending on the specific requirements of the livestock.

Advantages of Growing Oats as Grain

  1. High Nutritional Value: Oats are known for their high nutritional content, including a good balance of protein, carbohydrates, and fats. They are particularly high in soluble fiber, especially beta-glucans, which help lower cholesterol and regulate blood sugar levels. Oats are commonly used in human foods such as oatmeal, breakfast cereals, and baked goods.
  2. Market Demand and Health Benefits: There is a strong market demand for oats due to their recognized health benefits, including heart health, digestive health, and as a gluten-free alternative (though oats can be contaminated with gluten unless specifically grown and processed as gluten-free).
  3. Adaptability to Different Climates: Oats are highly adaptable and can thrive in cool, moist climates. They are well-suited to regions with shorter growing seasons and can perform well on a variety of soils, including those that are less fertile or have higher moisture levels.
  4. Soil Improvement: Oats contribute to soil health by enhancing soil structure, increasing organic matter, and providing ground cover that reduces erosion. Their fibrous root system helps improve soil tilth and water infiltration.
  5. Low Input Requirements: Oats generally require fewer inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides compared to other cereal crops, making them a cost-effective option for farmers, particularly in organic or low-input systems.

Advantages of Growing Oats for Grazing

  1. High-Quality Forage: Oats provide high-quality forage that is rich in protein and energy, making them an excellent choice for grazing livestock, especially when grazed in the early vegetative stages. This forage is particularly beneficial for young or lactating animals.
  2. Extended Grazing Season: Planting oats in the fall or early spring can extend the grazing season, providing valuable forage when other pastures are not available. This can reduce the need for supplementary feeding.
  3. Rapid Growth and Regrowth: Oats grow quickly and can provide forage within a short period after planting. They can be grazed multiple times if managed correctly, supporting continuous grazing systems and reducing feed costs.
  4. Palatability and Digestibility: Oat forage is highly palatable to livestock, which can improve intake and animal performance. Its high digestibility supports efficient nutrient utilization in grazing animals.

Advantages of Growing Oats for Silage

  1. Nutritional Silage: Oat silage offers a good balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fiber, making it a valuable feed for ruminants such as dairy cows, beef cattle, and sheep. The high energy and digestibility of oat silage contribute to enhanced animal performance, particularly in high-demand situations like lactation.
  2. Early Harvest and Flexibility: Oats can be harvested for silage earlier in the season, which allows for double-cropping or the planting of cover crops afterward. This can maximize land use efficiency and enhance overall farm productivity.
  3. High Biomass Production: Oats produce a substantial amount of biomass, resulting in high yields of silage per acre. This makes it a productive option for livestock feed, particularly in regions where forage supply is critical.
  4. Tolerance to Poor Growing Conditions: Oats are relatively tolerant of poor growing conditions, including cold, wet soils and low fertility, making them a reliable option for silage production in diverse environments.

Oat Seed Count and Weight

  • Seeds per Pound: The number of oat seeds per pound generally ranges from 12,000 to 16,000 seeds per pound, depending on the variety and seed size. An average figure is around 14,000 seeds per pound.

Planting Rate

  • Typical Planting Rate: The standard seeding rate for oats is typically 80 to 100 pounds per acre. This equates to approximately 1.1 to 1.6 million seeds per acre, depending on seed size and germination rates.
  • Range of Planting Rates:
    • For Grain Production: Rates usually range from 70 to 100 pounds per acre.
    • For Forage or Cover Crop Use: Higher seeding rates, ranging from 100 to 130 pounds per acre, are often used to ensure a dense stand for forage quality or ground cover.
    • Erosion Control or Soil Health: For purposes like erosion control or as a nurse crop, seeding rates might reach up to 130 pounds per acre.

Planting Depth

  • Optimal Depth: Oats should be planted at a depth of 1 to 2 inches. Planting depth considerations include:
    • 1 inch is generally adequate under moist conditions and lighter soils.
    • 1.5 to 2 inches may be needed in drier conditions or in heavier soils to ensure good seed-to-soil contact and moisture access.
  • Depth Considerations: Planting too shallow may expose seeds to surface drying or adverse weather, while planting too deep can delay emergence and reduce stand uniformity.

Additional Considerations

  • Soil Temperature: Oats can germinate at cool soil temperatures, with the optimal range being 50°F to 77°F (10°C to 25°C). They can be planted in early spring or late summer for fall production.
  • Row Spacing: Oats are typically planted with row spacing of 6 to 8 inches for grain, and sometimes closer spacing for forage or cover crop purposes.
  • Uses: Oats are versatile and used for grain, forage, and cover cropping. As a cover crop, oats help improve soil structure, suppress weeds, and capture residual nitrogen.

Overall Benefits

  • Weed Suppression and Cover Cropping: Oats are effective at suppressing weeds due to their rapid growth and dense canopy. They are also commonly used as a cover crop to improve soil health, prevent erosion, and reduce weed pressure in subsequent crops.
  • Disease Resistance and Pest Management: Oats are generally less susceptible to some of the diseases and pests that affect other cereal grains, reducing the need for chemical interventions and supporting integrated pest management strategies.

Seed Companies

Organic farmers are required to purchase organic seed when it is available, but for many crops, organic seed options are limited or unavailable. Many seed companies offer both organic and non-organic seed, and it’s essential for farmers to understand that non-organic seed can be used on certified organic farms as long as it is non-GMO and untreated. Farmers should always verify seed sourcing requirements with their organic certifier to ensure compliance while balancing the need for high-quality planting seed.

Turner Seed Company

Albert Lea Seeds (Organic Varieties)

Trical Superior Forage

Organic Small Grain (wheat, oats, triticale, barley, and rye) Traders

Here is a list of potential organic commodity buyers (based on organic certification) who have historically engaged in the organic grain market. While these companies have shown interest in organic commodities, it’s important to note that their purchasing activities can vary based on market conditions, demand, and availability. I encourage you to contact them directly to inquire about their current buying needs and contract opportunities, as their purchasing intentions may change over time.

Barton Springs Mill, Inc.

Pink Rose Organix

Caprock Enterprises LLC

  • Beau Brown
  • 1301 E 5th
  • Plainview, Texas 79072
  • PO Box 53538, Lubbock, Texas 79453
  • 806-798-8900
  • beau@lonestarcom.org

Commodity Brokerage Services LLC

Coyote Creek Organic Feed Mill & Farm

Deaf Smith County Grain

Enger Farms, LLC

Lone Star Commodities, Ltd.

McDowell Feed Source

Muleshoe Specialty Grain, LLC

New Deal Grain Inc

TIERRA MANNA TRADING

Triple Nickel, Inc.

  • Kayla Nickels
  • 808 W 19th St
  • Muleshoe, Texas 79347
  • Triple Nickel East
  • 413 East American Blvd.
  • Muleshoe, TX 79347
  • (806) 272-7500
  • Triple Nickel West
  • 1680 CR 1044
  • Muleshoe, Texas 79347
  • (806) 272-5589
  • kayla@cknickels.com
  • https://cknickels.com/

Other Resources

Organic Triticale Resources

Click the link below to scroll down!

  1. Triticale: The Versatile Hybrid for Grain, Grazing, and Silage
  2. Advantages of Growing Triticale as Grain
  3. Advantages of Growing Triticale for Grazing
  4. Advantages of Growing Triticale for Silage
  5. Overall Benefits
  6. Triticale Seed Count and Weight
  7. Planting Rate
  8. Planting Depth
  9. Additional Considerations
  10. Seed Companies
  11. Organic Small Grain (wheat, oats, triticale, barley, and rye) Traders
  12. Other Resources

Triticale: The Versatile Hybrid for Grain, Grazing, and Silage

Triticale, a hybrid of wheat and rye, offers the benefits of both parent crops, such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and high forage quality. In organic farming, triticale is valued for its role in enhancing crop diversity and resilience, which helps manage pest populations and reduces reliance on chemical controls. Organic triticale is commonly used for forage, silage, and grain, providing high-quality feed for livestock without the environmental impact associated with synthetic inputs. By integrating triticale into organic rotations, farmers can diversify their cropping systems, improve soil health, and contribute to a more sustainable agricultural landscape.

  • Food Use: Triticale is a hybrid of wheat and rye, developed to combine the high yield potential of wheat with the disease resistance and hardiness of rye. It can be used in bread, cereals, and other baked goods. However, its use in human food is less widespread than wheat due to differences in gluten quality.
  • Animal Feed: Triticale is often used in animal feed due to its higher protein content and improved amino acid profile compared to wheat. It is particularly valuable for swine and poultry diets and is appreciated for its balance of energy and protein.

Advantages of Growing Triticale as Grain

While triticale is not widely used as a grain for human consumption, there are still some benefits when it is grown for this purpose:

  1. High Protein Content: Triticale grain typically has a higher protein content compared to wheat and rye, making it a potentially valuable grain for animal feed where protein is a key nutritional component.
  2. Disease Resistance: Triticale combines the disease resistance of rye with the productivity of wheat, offering improved resilience against common wheat diseases like rusts and ergot. This can reduce the need for fungicide applications, lowering production costs.
  3. Adaptability to Marginal Soils: Triticale performs well in a wide range of soil conditions, including poor or sandy soils where wheat might not thrive. This makes it a versatile option in challenging growing environments.
  4. Potential for Niche Markets: There is potential for niche markets, particularly in specialty animal feeds and occasionally in health foods, due to its favorable amino acid profile and digestibility.

Advantages of Growing Triticale for Grazing

  1. High Forage Quality: Triticale provides high-quality forage that is rich in protein and digestible energy, making it an excellent option for grazing livestock. It has comparable or superior forage quality to wheat and rye, especially when grazed in the vegetative stages.
  2. Extended Grazing Period: Triticale can be planted in the fall and grazed in early spring, extending the grazing period when other forages might be limited. It provides an early feed source before other pastures become available.
  3. Vigorous Growth and Regrowth: Triticale exhibits rapid growth and good regrowth potential after grazing, allowing multiple grazing events in rotational grazing systems. Its robust growth habit helps sustain forage availability under grazing pressure.
  4. Tolerance to Adverse Conditions: Triticale is more tolerant of drought, acidic soils, and cold temperatures than wheat, providing reliable forage even in less-than-ideal growing conditions.

Many times, triticale or any small grain for silage is “wilted” first instead of direct cut by a silage chopper.

Advantages of Growing Triticale for Silage

  1. High Yield Potential: Triticale produces high biomass yields, which translates into significant silage volume per acre. This is advantageous for livestock operations needing large quantities of silage.
  2. Balanced Nutritional Profile: Triticale silage offers a good balance of energy, protein, and fiber, making it suitable for ruminant diets. Its higher protein content compared to some other silage crops can reduce the need for protein supplements.
  3. Early Harvest and Double-Cropping Opportunities: Similar to rye, triticale can be harvested for silage in the spring, freeing up fields for a subsequent crop. This double-cropping ability increases land use efficiency and overall farm productivity.
  4. Resilience Against Diseases: By growing triticale for silage, farmers can avoid many of the grain-specific diseases, such as fusarium head blight, that could reduce the quality of grain crops.

Overall Benefits

  • Versatility in Use: Triticale’s flexibility to be used for grazing, silage, or grain (even if limited) makes it a highly adaptable crop that can meet various farm needs, from livestock feed to soil health management.
  • Improved Soil Health: Like rye, triticale helps improve soil structure and reduces erosion, particularly when used as a cover crop or for grazing, enhancing soil organic matter and supporting sustainable farming practices.
  • Cost-Effective: Triticale typically requires fewer inputs in terms of fertilizers and pesticides compared to wheat, especially in marginal environments. This can lower production costs and improve farm profitability.
  • Reduced Pest and Disease Pressure: The inherent disease resistance traits from rye make triticale a robust choice against many common pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical controls.

Triticale Seed Count and Weight

  • Seeds per Pound: Triticale typically has around 10,000 to 12,000 seeds per pound, depending on the variety and seed size. This is slightly larger than wheat and barley seeds.

Planting Rate

  • Typical Planting Rate: For triticale, the standard seeding rate is usually 60 to 80 pounds per acre, translating to roughly 600,000 to 960,000 seeds per acre, based on average seed counts.
  • Range of Planting Rates:
    • Grain Production: The typical range is 50 to 80 pounds per acre. The exact rate will depend on factors like soil fertility, moisture conditions, and the specific variety used.
    • Forage or Cover Crop Use: Higher rates, ranging from 80 to 100 pounds per acre, are used to ensure dense stands for forage production or effective ground cover.
    • Poor Soil or Dry Conditions: Lower seeding rates, such as 50 to 60 pounds per acre, may be used to reduce competition among plants for limited moisture or nutrients.

Planting Depth

  • Optimal Depth: Triticale should be planted at a depth of 1 to 2 inches. The ideal planting depth depends on soil type and moisture conditions:
    • 1 to 1.5 inches is generally sufficient in well-moisturized, lighter soils.
    • 2 inches may be necessary in drier conditions or in heavier soils to ensure adequate seed-to-soil contact and access to moisture.
  • Depth Considerations: Planting too shallow can expose the seeds to adverse weather conditions, while planting too deep can slow down emergence and reduce seedling vigor.

Additional Considerations

  • Soil Temperature: Triticale is fairly cold-tolerant, with an optimal germination range between 50°F to 77°F (10°C to 25°C). It can be planted in early spring or fall, depending on the desired use.
  • Row Spacing: Common row spacing for triticale is 6 to 8 inches. Narrower rows can help with weed suppression and efficient light use, especially in forage or cover crop situations.
  • Uses: Triticale is valued for its versatility, being used for grain, forage, and cover cropping. It combines the quality traits of wheat with the hardiness of rye, making it suitable for a range of environments. It performs well in poorer soils and can be used to improve soil health, provide forage, or as a green manure.

Seed Companies

Organic farmers are required to purchase organic seed when it is available, but for many crops, organic seed options are limited or unavailable. Many seed companies offer both organic and non-organic seed, and it’s essential for farmers to understand that non-organic seed can be used on certified organic farms as long as it is non-GMO and untreated. Farmers should always verify seed sourcing requirements with their organic certifier to ensure compliance while balancing the need for high-quality planting seed.

Turner Seed Company

Limagrain Cereal Seeds

Albert Lea Seeds (Organic Varieties)

Trical Superior Forage

Warner Seeds, Inc.

Organic Small Grain (wheat, oats, triticale, barley, and rye) Traders

Here is a list of potential organic commodity buyers (based on organic certification) who have historically engaged in the organic grain market. While these companies have shown interest in organic commodities, it’s important to note that their purchasing activities can vary based on market conditions, demand, and availability. I encourage you to contact them directly to inquire about their current buying needs and contract opportunities, as their purchasing intentions may change over time.

Barton Springs Mill, Inc.

Pink Rose Organix

Caprock Enterprises LLC

  • Beau Brown
  • 1301 E 5th
  • Plainview, Texas 79072
  • PO Box 53538, Lubbock, Texas 79453
  • 806-798-8900
  • beau@lonestarcom.org

Commodity Brokerage Services LLC

Coyote Creek Organic Feed Mill & Farm

Deaf Smith County Grain

Enger Farms, LLC

Lone Star Commodities, Ltd.

McDowell Feed Source

Muleshoe Specialty Grain, LLC

New Deal Grain Inc

TIERRA MANNA TRADING

Triple Nickel, Inc.

  • Kayla Nickels
  • 808 W 19th St
  • Muleshoe, Texas 79347
  • Triple Nickel East
  • 413 East American Blvd.
  • Muleshoe, TX 79347
  • (806) 272-7500
  • Triple Nickel West
  • 1680 CR 1044
  • Muleshoe, Texas 79347
  • (806) 272-5589
  • kayla@cknickels.com
  • https://cknickels.com/

Other Resources

Organic Barley Resources

Click a link to scroll down!

  1. Organic Barley Production: Nutrient Efficiency and Market Opportunities
  2. Advantages of Growing Organic Barley as Grain
  3. Advantages of Growing Organic Barley for Grazing
  4. Advantages of Growing Organic Barley for Silage
  5. Overall Benefits
  6. Barley Seed Count and Weight
  7. Planting Rate
  8. Planting Depth
  9. Additional Considerations
  10. Seed Companies
  11. Organic Small Grain (wheat, oats, triticale, barley, and rye) Traders
  12. Other Resources

Organic Barley Production: Nutrient Efficiency and Market Opportunities

Organic barley is known for its versatility and nutrient efficiency, performing well under organic management without the need for synthetic inputs. Barley’s ability to improve soil nitrogen levels and its relatively short growing season make it an excellent rotation crop that enhances soil fertility and breaks disease cycles. In organic systems, barley is cultivated for food, feed, and brewing, with organic malt barley commanding a premium price in the craft beer industry. Growing organic barley not only supports sustainable agriculture but also meets the increasing consumer demand for organic beverages and whole grains, providing farmers with profitable market opportunities.

  • Food Use: Barley is used in soups, stews, and health foods like barley water and malt products. It is rich in soluble fiber, particularly beta-glucans, which have been shown to lower cholesterol levels. Barley can also be used in the production of malt for brewing beer and distilling spirits.
  • Animal Feed: Barley is a major grain in animal feed, especially for cattle and horses. It provides energy and moderate protein content, with a favorable balance of fiber that supports digestive health in ruminants. Barley’s high fiber content makes it less ideal for swine and poultry unless processed appropriately.

Advantages of Growing Organic Barley as Grain

  1. High Nutritional Value: Barley grain is rich in carbohydrates, moderate in protein, and high in dietary fiber, particularly beta-glucans, which have health benefits such as lowering cholesterol levels. It is used in human foods like soups, stews, and health cereals, and is also a key ingredient in the malting industry for brewing beer.
  2. Versatile Market Demand: Barley has a diverse market, including human food, animal feed, and malt production for brewing and distilling. Its versatility makes it a valuable crop with multiple potential income streams.
  3. Adaptability to Various Climates: Barley is adaptable to a wide range of growing conditions, including cooler and drier climates where other grains might not perform well. This makes it a suitable choice for areas with variable weather patterns.
  4. Short Growing Season: Barley has a relatively short growing season compared to other cereal crops, allowing for earlier harvests and the possibility of double-cropping. This can be advantageous in regions with shorter growing periods.
  5. Soil Improvement: Barley’s extensive root system helps improve soil structure, enhances water infiltration, and reduces soil erosion. It can also be an effective crop in rotation systems to manage pests and diseases.

Advantages of Growing Organic Barley for Grazing

  1. High-Quality Forage: Barley provides high-quality forage with good levels of protein and energy, making it suitable for grazing livestock, particularly in the early vegetative stages when the foliage is tender and nutrient-rich.
  2. Early Grazing Option: Barley can be planted in the fall or early spring and used for grazing earlier than many other forage crops, helping to extend the grazing season and reduce feed costs.
  3. Rapid Growth and Regrowth: Barley’s rapid growth rate allows for multiple grazing cycles when managed properly, supporting continuous forage availability for livestock. It can be an excellent part of rotational grazing systems.
  4. Tolerance to Salinity: Barley is relatively tolerant to saline soils, which can make it a preferred option for grazing in areas where soil salinity might limit other forage choices.

Advantages of Growing Organic Barley for Silage

  1. Balanced Nutritional Profile: Barley silage offers a good balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fibers, making it a valuable feed for dairy cattle, beef cattle, and other ruminants. Its high energy content supports milk production and animal growth.
  2. High Biomass Yield: Barley produces significant biomass, making it a productive silage crop. The high yield per acre helps meet the forage needs of livestock operations efficiently.
  3. Improved Digestibility: Barley silage is highly digestible, which enhances nutrient uptake and feed efficiency in livestock. This makes it particularly valuable for high-performance animals such as dairy cows.
  4. Early Harvest and Flexibility: Harvesting barley for silage can occur earlier in the growing season, freeing up fields for subsequent planting or cover cropping. This flexibility supports diverse cropping systems and maximizes land use.

Overall Benefits

  • Weed Suppression and Soil Health: Barley’s vigorous growth can suppress weeds effectively, reducing the need for herbicides. Its role in crop rotations helps manage soil health by breaking pest cycles and improving organic matter content.
  • Disease and Pest Management: Barley is generally less susceptible to certain diseases and pests compared to wheat, reducing reliance on chemical controls and supporting integrated pest management strategies.
  • Cost-Effective Production: Barley typically requires fewer inputs like fertilizers and water compared to some other grains, particularly in drought-prone or low-fertility soils. This can make it a more economical choice for growers.

Barley Seed Count and Weight

  • Seeds per Pound: Barley typically has between 12,000 to 15,000 seeds per pound, with a common average around 13,500 seeds per pound. This can vary based on the variety and seed size.

Planting Rate

  • Typical Planting Rate: The standard seeding rate for barley is generally 80 to 100 pounds per acre. This equates to approximately 1.0 to 1.5 million seeds per acre, depending on the specific seed count and germination rates.
  • Range of Planting Rates:
    • For Grain Production: Seeding rates typically range from 70 to 90 pounds per acre.
    • For Forage or Cover Crop Use: Higher seeding rates, ranging from 100 to 120 pounds per acre, are often used to ensure dense forage stands or effective ground cover for soil protection.
    • Under Dryland Conditions: Lower seeding rates of around 60 to 80 pounds per acre may be used to reduce competition for moisture.

Planting Depth

  • Optimal Depth: Barley should be planted at a depth of 1 to 2 inches. Depth considerations include:
    • 1 to 1.5 inches is typical in most conditions, providing a balance of good emergence and root establishment.
    • 2 inches may be necessary in dry conditions to ensure seeds are placed in moist soil.
  • Depth Considerations: Shallow planting (less than 1 inch) can lead to poor root anchorage and exposure to environmental stress, while planting too deep (greater than 2 inches) can result in delayed emergence and weaker seedlings.

Additional Considerations

  • Soil Temperature: Barley can be planted in cool soils, with optimal germination temperatures ranging from 45°F to 86°F (7°C to 30°C). Barley is relatively tolerant of cooler soil temperatures, making it suitable for early spring planting.
  • Row Spacing: Typical row spacing for barley ranges from 6 to 8 inches. Narrower row spacing helps improve canopy closure, which can aid in weed suppression and optimize water use efficiency.
  • Uses: Barley is used for grain (human consumption, malting, and animal feed), forage, and as a cover crop. As a cover crop, barley helps improve soil structure, reduce erosion, and capture residual soil nutrients.

Seed Companies

Organic farmers are required to purchase organic seed when it is available, but for many crops, organic seed options are limited or unavailable. Many seed companies offer both organic and non-organic seed, and it’s essential for farmers to understand that non-organic seed can be used on certified organic farms as long as it is non-GMO and untreated. Farmers should always verify seed sourcing requirements with their organic certifier to ensure compliance while balancing the need for high-quality planting seed.

Turner Seed Company

Albert Lea Seeds (Organic Varieties)

Limagrain Cereal Seeds

Trical Superior Forage

Organic Small Grain (wheat, oats, triticale, barley, and rye) Traders

Here is a list of potential organic commodity buyers (based on organic certification) who have historically engaged in the organic grain market. While these companies have shown interest in organic commodities, it’s important to note that their purchasing activities can vary based on market conditions, demand, and availability. I encourage you to contact them directly to inquire about their current buying needs and contract opportunities, as their purchasing intentions may change over time.

Barton Springs Mill, Inc.

Pink Rose Organix

Caprock Enterprises LLC

  • Beau Brown
  • 1301 E 5th
  • Plainview, Texas 79072
  • PO Box 53538, Lubbock, Texas 79453
  • 806-798-8900
  • beau@lonestarcom.org

Commodity Brokerage Services LLC

Coyote Creek Organic Feed Mill & Farm

Deaf Smith County Grain

Enger Farms, LLC

Lone Star Commodities, Ltd.

McDowell Feed Source

Muleshoe Specialty Grain, LLC

New Deal Grain Inc

TIERRA MANNA TRADING

Triple Nickel, Inc.

  • Kayla Nickels
  • 808 W 19th St
  • Muleshoe, Texas 79347
  • Triple Nickel East
  • 413 East American Blvd.
  • Muleshoe, TX 79347
  • (806) 272-7500
  • Triple Nickel West
  • 1680 CR 1044
  • Muleshoe, Texas 79347
  • (806) 272-5589
  • kayla@cknickels.com
  • https://cknickels.com/

Other Resources

Organic Rye Resources

Click on a link to scroll down!

  1. Organic Rye: A Resilient Grain for Tough Conditions and Specialty Markets
  2. Advantages of Growing Organic Rye as Grain
  3. Advantages of Growing Organic Rye for Grazing
  4. Advantages of Growing Organic Rye for Silage
  5. Overall Benefits
  6. Rye Seed Count and Weight
  7. Planting Rate
  8. Planting Depth
  9. Additional Considerations
  10. Rye Varieties
  11. Rye Seed Companies
  12. Organic Small Grain (wheat, oats, triticale, barley, and rye) Traders
  13. More Resources

Organic Rye: A Resilient Grain for Tough Conditions and Specialty Markets

Organic rye production is valued for its adaptability, resilience, and significant contributions to soil health. Rye is a hardy crop that thrives in poor soil conditions where other grains may struggle, making it an excellent choice for organic systems that emphasize soil conservation and reduced input costs. As a cover crop, rye is unrivaled in its ability to suppress weeds, prevent erosion, and build organic matter through its extensive root system. Organic rye production supports biodiversity and ecosystem balance, offering a low-input, high-return solution for sustainable farming. Its use in food products, such as rye bread and whiskey, caters to a niche market of health-conscious consumers seeking clean, chemical-free grains.

  • Food Use: Rye is commonly used in bread, especially in Eastern European countries, with rye bread being known for its dense texture and slightly sour taste. It has a lower gluten content than wheat, making it a good option for people with mild gluten sensitivities (though not suitable for those with celiac disease). Rye contains dietary fiber, iron, and B vitamins, and is associated with lower glycemic index foods.
  • Animal Feed: Rye is less common in animal feed compared to wheat and barley due to its higher fiber content and certain antinutritional factors. However, modern varieties have improved, making it a potential energy source for pigs and poultry when used in limited quantities.

Advantages of Growing Organic Rye as Grain

  1. Adaptability to Poor Soils and Harsh Conditions: Rye is highly adaptable and can thrive in poor, sandy, or acidic soils where other grains might struggle. It is also more tolerant of cold and drought conditions, making it suitable for marginal lands.
  2. Soil Health and Erosion Control: Rye’s deep root system improves soil structure and reduces erosion. It helps to build soil organic matter, enhances water infiltration, and can suppress weeds through its vigorous growth and allelopathic effects (chemical compounds released by the plant that inhibit the growth of other plants). 1
  3. Market Demand for Specialty Products: Rye is used in specialty products such as rye bread, whiskey, and other fermented products, providing niche market opportunities. Its high dietary fiber content, particularly soluble fibers like arabinoxylans, makes it popular in health-conscious markets.2
  4. Pest and Disease Resistance: Rye is generally more resistant to pests and diseases compared to wheat, reducing the need for chemical inputs and making it a more resilient option for organic and low-input farming systems.

Advantages of Growing Organic Rye for Grazing

  1. Early and Extended Grazing: Rye can be planted in the fall and provides early spring grazing, often earlier than other winter cereals. This can help extend the grazing season, especially in colder climates.
  2. High Forage Quality: When harvested at the right stage, rye offers high-quality forage with good levels of protein and digestibility. It is particularly valuable for livestock in the early vegetative stages.
  3. Rapid Growth and Recovery: Rye grows rapidly in cool weather and can be grazed multiple times due to its quick regrowth after grazing. This makes it an excellent forage option in rotational grazing systems.
  4. Resilience to Trampling: Rye’s robust growth habit allows it to withstand trampling by livestock better than some other cereals, maintaining forage quality and yield under grazing pressure.

Advantages of Growing Organic Rye for Silage

  1. Nutritional Silage: Rye silage provides a good source of energy and fiber, suitable for feeding ruminants like dairy cows and beef cattle. It is particularly useful in maintaining forage supplies during times when other silage crops are unavailable.
  2. Early Harvest and Double-Cropping Potential: Rye can be harvested for silage in early spring, allowing farmers to double-crop by planting another forage or grain crop immediately afterward. This can enhance overall farm productivity and land use efficiency.
  3. Disease Management: By harvesting for silage, farmers can avoid some of the common diseases that may affect grain production, such as ergot, a fungal disease that can affect the grain.
  4. High Biomass Production: Rye is known for its high biomass production, which contributes to a significant amount of silage per acre. This makes it an excellent option for producing large quantities of feed in a relatively short period.

Overall Benefits

  • Weed Suppression: Rye’s allelopathic properties and rapid growth help suppress weeds naturally, reducing the need for herbicides and contributing to organic farming systems.
  • Soil Improvement and Cover Crop Benefits: Rye is widely used as a cover crop due to its soil-improving qualities, including enhancing soil structure, reducing compaction, and increasing organic matter content.
  • Low Input Requirements: Rye generally requires fewer inputs in terms of fertilizers and pesticides compared to other grains, making it a cost-effective option for growers, especially in low-input or organic systems.

Rye Seed Count and Weight

  • Seeds per Pound: The number of rye seeds per pound typically ranges from 18,000 to 22,000 seeds per pound, with a common average around 20,000 seeds per pound. This can vary slightly depending on the variety and seed size and has been known to vary from 12,000 to 33,000 seeds per pound.

Planting Rate

  • Typical Planting Rate: For grain production, the standard seeding rate is typically 60 to 90 pounds per acre. This equates to about 1.2 to 1.8 million seeds per acre based on the average seed count. It is generally recommended that you plant 1.2 million seeds per acre as a standard which means your bags per acre can vary tremendously!
  • Range of Planting Rates:
    • Grain Production: Generally 60 to 90 pounds per acre.
    • Forage or Cover Crop Use: Seeding rates can be higher, ranging from 90 to 120 pounds per acre to ensure dense ground cover for weed suppression or forage purposes.
    • Erosion Control or Soil Health: In these cases, even higher rates, up to 120 pounds per acre, may be used for quick canopy closure and soil stabilization.

Planting Depth

  • Optimal Depth: Rye should be planted at a depth of 1 to 1.5 inches. The key factors for depth selection are:
    • 1 inch deep is generally sufficient in most conditions, especially where moisture is readily available.
    • Up to 2 inches deep in drier soils or where moisture is deeper below the surface.
  • Depth Considerations: Planting rye too shallow can increase the risk of exposure to cold or drying winds, while planting too deep can delay emergence and reduce seedling vigor.

Additional Considerations

  • Soil Temperature: Rye is highly cold-tolerant and can germinate in soil temperatures as low as 34°F (1°C). However, ideal germination occurs when soil temperatures are between 50°F and 70°F (10°C to 21°C).
  • Row Spacing: Row spacing for rye can range from 6 to 8 inches for grain production, with narrower spacing used in forage or cover crop applications to achieve rapid ground cover.
  • Uses: Rye is versatile and used for grain, forage, cover cropping, and erosion control. As a cover crop, rye is valued for its allelopathic properties that suppress weed growth and its ability to scavenge residual soil nitrogen.

Rye Varieties

Oklahoma Foundation Seed: Oklon, Elbon, Maton

There are hardly any variety tests to share but this is an especially good one. These are not necessarily organic, but several could be grown on organic soil and then sold since they are OP varieties.

2024 Trial Data from Practical Farmers of Iowa

Rye Seed Companies

Organic farmers are required to purchase organic seed when it is available, but for many crops, organic seed options are limited or unavailable. Many seed companies offer both organic and non-organic seed, and it’s essential for farmers to understand that non-organic seed can be used on certified organic farms as long as it is non-GMO and untreated. Farmers should always verify seed sourcing requirements with their organic certifier to ensure compliance while balancing the need for high-quality planting seed.

Turner Seed Company

Albert Lea Seeds

Trical Superior Forage

Warner Seeds, Inc.

Organic Small Grain (wheat, oats, triticale, barley, and rye) Traders

Here is a list of potential organic commodity buyers (based on organic certification) who have historically engaged in the organic grain market. While these companies have shown interest in organic commodities, it’s important to note that their purchasing activities can vary based on market conditions, demand, and availability. I encourage you to contact them directly to inquire about their current buying needs and contract opportunities, as their purchasing intentions may change over time.

Barton Springs Mill, Inc.

Pink Rose Organix

Caprock Enterprises LLC

  • Beau Brown
  • 1301 E 5th
  • Plainview, Texas 79072
  • PO Box 53538, Lubbock, Texas 79453
  • 806-798-8900
  • beau@lonestarcom.org

Commodity Brokerage Services LLC

Coyote Creek Organic Feed Mill & Farm

Deaf Smith County Grain

Enger Farms, LLC

Lone Star Commodities, Ltd.

McDowell Feed Source

Muleshoe Specialty Grain, LLC

New Deal Grain Inc

TIERRA MANNA TRADING

Triple Nickel, Inc.

  • Kayla Nickels
  • 808 W 19th St
  • Muleshoe, Texas 79347
  • Triple Nickel East
  • 413 East American Blvd.
  • Muleshoe, TX 79347
  • (806) 272-7500
  • Triple Nickel West
  • 1680 CR 1044
  • Muleshoe, Texas 79347
  • (806) 272-5589
  • kayla@cknickels.com
  • https://cknickels.com/

More Resources

  1. Weston, L. A. (1996). “Utilization of Allelopathy for Weed Management in Agroecosystems.” Agronomy Journal, 88(6), 860-866. doi: 10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800060004x ↩︎
  2. Penãlas, L. T., et al. (2009). “Rye and Health – Grain with Complex Carbohydrates.” Journal of Nutrition & Food Science. ↩︎