Author: Bob Whitney

Extension Organic Program Specialist, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension

FieldWatch is Here in Texas!

FIELDWATCH® WELCOMES TEXAS AS ITS 27TH STATE MEMBER

by Curt Hadley, Field Watch

FieldWatch, Inc., a non-profit company that promotes communication and stewardship among crop producers, beekeepers and pesticide applicators, announces that Texas has joined as the 27th member state.

Texas joins FieldWatch along with 26 other states, one Canadian province and the District of Columbia. The membership will enable Texas’ beekeepers (hobbyist and commercial) and crop producers (organic and conventional) to use a secure, easy-to-use online registry to identify and map the locations of apiaries and crop fields that pesticide applicators should avoid. The free and voluntary registries, DriftWatch™ and BeeCheck™, will be available to all Texas beekeepers and crop producers. FieldCheck® is the online and mobile portal that pesticide applicators can use to improve decision-making and avoid damage from spray drift to crops and beehives.

“The goal is to get beekeepers and crop producers registered through FieldWatch, so applicators can access accurate information before spraying,” said Bob Walters, President and CEO of FieldWatch. “This model has been proven to build stewardship and communication in agriculture.”

Texas’ membership decision was especially driven by the needs of crop producers and beekeepers who wanted to register the locations of their apiaries and crops. 

Want to Get Started? It is very easy…..

Above you read the press release but now we need to get you registered and your fields mapped. I am the Texas FieldWatch Data Steward, and my job is to help you with this process and to approve your fields or beehives.

First, type in fieldwatch.com into your web browser. This will take you to a screen that looks like this.

You will want to click on the square called driftwatch (for producers). Once you click on that button you will be taken to the page below.

If you are a beekeeper and want to register your hives with beecheck then you will click below the “Map My Apiaries” and be taken to this page below.

If you are just registering your cropland then you will click below the “Map My Specialty Crops” and be taken to this page below.

No matter which direction you go, crops or bees, you will need to tell us which state – Texas. Then use your email address as a username or any other name you can remember, add in your email address and then a password and hit Sign Up. Once you hit the button then this screen will appear. I went the crop route in my example, but both are similar.

Once you register all your information and click Create Account you will get this notification.

This email below came to my Gmail account telling me to click here to complete the account creation. Also notice that my Texas A&M AgriLife email address is listed down below as the data steward for the FieldWatch program. At this point I am the person getting FieldWatch up and going in Texas and working with Curt Hadley at FieldWatch we will solve any issues you have with FieldWatch!

Once you click to complete you will be taken to this screen

Clicking on the “Go to the DriftWatch Map” takes you here. Click on Texas on the map to move to………

And finally to here. Take a minute or two to get familiar with the screen. This is pretty much what you see on Google Earth or Google Maps. Use your mouse to move around the map and you can scroll in or out for Zoom.

But this is what you are interested in clicking. “Submit New Site.”

When you click then this appears.

After you answer the questions on 3 different screens you will finally get to this screen below.

I zoomed in on the field that we have certified organic at the Stephenville Research and Extension Center on Hwy 281 in Stephenville and hit the blue button for Begin Tracing. I clicked on one corner then the next till I got back to the first corner and it completed the field. 3.88 acres! The C is for cotton.

I am done with registering my certified organic field and waiting on the Data Steward with Field Watch to approve my field. Because I am the Data Steward I logged out of my “fake account” and logged back in with my official Texas A&M AgriLife email and got this screen for the field I just mapped.

As Data Steward I approved the site and now here are the approved FieldWatch sites so far for all the world to see. This map shows that we have 2 bee sites approved and now one organic cotton site approved. Simple and easy! If you have any questions or concerns, just email me: bob.whitney@ag.tamu.edu

Organic fertilizer – what is it, what are the rules, where do you buy it?

I get lots of general questions about what to use for fertilizer in organic agriculture. It is generally accepted that compost is good for organic, but does it have to be certified organic compost? What about manure? Can you buy some of these processed fertilizer products? What are the rules for fertilizers?

Click on any link below to scroll down!

  1. 205.203 Soil fertility and crop nutrient management practice standard.
  2. What about some of these organic fertilizers you can buy?
  3. Some newer organic fertilizers – protein hydrolysates
  4. Where do you buy this stuff in bulk?
  5. Other Resources:

205.203 Soil fertility and crop nutrient management practice standard.

The first place to start is with the National Organic Program rules and regulations.

(a) The producer must select and implement tillage and cultivation practices that maintain or improve the physical, chemical, and biological condition of soil and minimize soil erosion.
(b) The producer must manage crop nutrients and soil fertility through rotations, cover crops, and the application of plant and animal materials.
(c) The producer must manage plant and animal materials to maintain or improve soil organic matter content in a manner that does not contribute to contamination of crops, soil, or water by plant nutrients, pathogenic organisms, heavy metals, or residues of prohibited substances. Animal and plant materials include:


First let’s talk about raw animal manure, which must be composted unless it is:
(a) Applied to land used for a crop not intended for human consumption or,
(b) Incorporated into the soil not less than 120 days prior to the harvest of a product whose edible portion has direct contact with the soil surface or soil particles or
(c) Incorporated into the soil not less than 90 days prior to the harvest of a product whose edible portion does not have direct contact with the soil surface or soil particles.

Second on the list is composted plant and animal materials produced through a process. This process involves the mixing of manures generally with some carbon sources like leaves, bark, hay, hulls, etc. to create a product that is:
(a) Establish an initial Carbon: Nitrogen ratio of between 25:1 and 40:1 and
(b) Maintains a temperature of between 131 °F and 170 °F for 3 days using an in-vessel or static aerated pile system or
(c) Maintains a temperature of between 131 °F and 170 °F for 15 days using a windrow composting system, during which period, the materials must be turned a minimum of five times.

Last in this list of NOP materials are Uncomposted plant materials. This is typically what you might call mulches like bark chips, leaves, grass, etc. These are used a lot in perennial crop systems to control weeds and add fertility over time.

As you can see all of these products are from a natural source and that natural source does not have to be a certified organic source. Neither the animals or the plants that you use to make compost or just get raw manure or mulch has to be from an organic farm.

What about some of these organic fertilizers you can buy?

Let’s go back to the rules: A producer may manage crop nutrients and soil fertility to maintain or improve soil organic matter content in a manner that does not contribute to contamination of crops, soil, or water by plant nutrients, pathogenic organisms, heavy metals, or residues of prohibited substances by applying, if you follow these restrictions below.

(a) A crop nutrient or soil amendment included on the National List of synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop production (click here for that list).
(b) A mined substance of low solubility.
(c) A mined substance of high solubility: Provided the substance is used in compliance with the conditions established on the National List of nonsynthetic materials prohibited for crop production.
(d) Ash obtained from the burning of a plant or animal material, except as prohibited in the list below.
(e) A plant or animal material that has been chemically altered by a manufacturing process: Provided, that the material is included on the National List of synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop production.

The producer (that is you or any company that makes an organic fertilizer) must not use:
(a) Any fertilizer or composted plant and animal material that contains a synthetic substance not included on the National List of synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop production.
(b) Sewage sludge (biosolids from a city sewage plant or from a septic tank or a mix of either source with plant material to make a compost).
(c) Burning as a means of disposal for crop residues produced on the operation: Except, That, burning may be used to suppress the spread of disease or to stimulate seed germination. We sometimes do a heat process to “sterilize” a plant material before using. Doubt you will ever need this part!

Some newer organic fertilizers – protein hydrolysates

Protein hydrolysates are increasingly recognized for their role in organic fertilization strategies, offering a sustainable approach to enhance plant growth and soil health. Derived from proteins through hydrolysis, which breaks down proteins into smaller chains of amino acids or even individual amino acids, these products provide a readily available source of nitrogen and other nutrients to plants. This process can involve enzymatic, chemical, or thermal hydrolysis methods, each with its specific advantages and applications.

Nutrient Availability: Protein hydrolysates are particularly valued in organic agriculture for their rapid assimilation by plants. Unlike synthetic fertilizers, these organic nutrients are in forms that plants can easily absorb and utilize, leading to efficient nutrient use and potentially reducing the need for additional fertilization.

Soil Health: Beyond providing nutrients, protein hydrolysates contribute to soil health. They support the growth and activity of beneficial microorganisms, which play a crucial role in soil nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and the suppression of soil-borne diseases. This can lead to improved soil structure, water retention, and fertility over time.

Real Life Example: Consider a scenario where an organic farmer is growing lettuce, a crop that demands a consistent supply of nitrogen for leaf development. By applying a protein hydrolysate-based fertilizer, the farmer can provide a quick-acting source of nitrogen that is readily available for uptake by the lettuce plants. This not only supports the rapid growth of the lettuce but also contributes to the overall soil health by feeding the microbial life within the soil.

Problems? Yes, there are problems with some of these products. Nutrient availability is an issue. We have done experiments, and the product(s) may be slow to work in the plant or the actual nutrients may be lower than stated. This can be caused by a number of factors such as binding to soil or volatilization, but it does mean you need to know your source and product.

Sources: There are just too many to list! This new source for organic fertilizer is great to see but there are a lot of companies getting into this market. Just know that they are not cheap, companies can be far away meaning shipping is a big cost, and you need to know the product well. Please, please be sure that the product you are considering is OMRI approved. Sometimes these blends are with synthetic sources…….

Where do you buy this stuff in bulk?

South Plains Compost

  • PO BOX 190, Slaton, Texas 79364
  • Toll-free: 888-282-2000
  • Office: 806-745-1833
  • FAX: 806-745-1170 
  • Physical Address: 5407 East Highway 84Slaton, Texas 79364

Sigma AgriScience

  •  Office: 281-941-6944
  •  info@sigma-agri.com
  • Corporate Office
    580 Maxim Dr., Boling, TX 77420
  • Boling Plant
  • 2565 FM 1096, Boling, TX 77420
  •  Winnsboro Plant
  • 400 All Star Rd, Winnsboro, TX 75494

Morgan Bulk

  • 3075 FM 1116, Gonzales, Tx. 78629
  • Phone: 830-437-2855
  • Kerry Mobile: 830-857-3919
  • Bobby Morgan Mobile: 830-857-4761
  • Fax: 830-437-2856

7H Nutrients (Pelleted Product)

  • 8063 S US HWY 183, Gonzales, TX
  • Briant Hand
  • Mobile: 830-857-4340
  • 7hhand@gmail.com

Green Cow Compost

Microbes Biosciences (Rhizogen Granular)

Viatrac Fertilizer

Nature Safe Fertilizers

  • 5601 N Macarthur Blvd, Irving, TX, 75038
  • Main Phone: (469) 957-2725
  • Main Fax: (469) 957-2655
  • Natalie Starich (sales)
  • Mobile: (559) 410-3097
  • natalie.starich@naturesafe.com

Organics by Gosh

Earthwise Organics

Ferticell

  • Corporate: (480) 361-1300
  • Sales: (480) 398-8511
  • Fax: (480) 500-5967
  • info@ferticellusa.com
  • 5865 S. Kyrene Rd., Suite 1, Tempe, AZ 85283

True Organic Products

  • 1909 Fairhaven Gateway
  • Georgetown, TX 78626
  • Mobile (737) 403-0064
  • Corporate (831) 375-4796
  • Barret Milam-Regional Sales Representative-Texas
  • bmilam@true.ag
  • true.ag

Other Resources:

Biopesticides and Biostimulants: Innovation, Challenges, and Growth

Introduction

Biopesticides and biostimulants are at the forefront of organic agriculture, offering natural solutions for pest control and plant health. While these products have gained popularity, the industry faces both opportunities and challenges as it evolves. This post explores the similarities and differences between biopesticides and biostimulants, their regulatory landscape, and what the future holds for these technologies.

Defining Biopesticides and Biostimulants

First let’s look at Biopesticides

Biopesticides are derived from natural materials, including microorganisms, plants, and minerals, to control pests and diseases. They function through competition, antibiosis, or physiological disruption of target organisms. Biopesticides as a category are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as is detailed below!

Types of Biopesticides:
  • Microbial Biopesticides: Contain beneficial bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa that suppress pests (e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis Bt for caterpillar control).
  • Biochemical Biopesticides: Utilize plant extracts, pheromones, and essential oils to affect pest behavior or physiology. For example, Thyme oil or Neem oil would fit this category.
  • Plant-Incorporated Protectants (PIPs): Genetic material introduced into plants, such as Bt proteins in genetically modified (GMO) crops. These are not to be used in organic production but are considered a biopesticide.

This image above is from the EPA website for Biopesticides. Click on the image to go to the website and check on a biopesticides registration!

How a Company Determines the Need for EPA Approval for a Biopesticide

A company developing a new biopesticide must determine if its product falls under EPA regulation by assessing the active ingredient, intended use, and mode of action. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) mandates that any substance intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating pests must be registered as a pesticide with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A company should ask the following questions to assess if its product qualifies as a biopesticide requiring EPA registration:

  1. Does the product actively control pests, pathogens, or weeds?
    • If the product claims direct pest suppression, it is a pesticide and requires EPA approval.
    • If it only enhances plant health without targeting pests directly, it may qualify as a biostimulant and not require EPA registration.
  2. What is the mode of action?
    • If the product kills, inhibits, or repels pests, it is considered a pesticide.
    • If the product works by stimulating plant defenses or improving nutrient uptake, it may not require registration.
  3. Is the active ingredient a known biopesticide or plant extract?
    • If the active ingredient is a microorganism, plant extract, or biochemical compound known to suppress pests, it likely needs EPA registration.
    • The EPA maintains a list of registered biopesticide active ingredients, and companies should check if similar compounds are already registered.
  4. Are pesticidal claims being made on the label?
    • If the product claims pest control properties (e.g., “kills fungi,” “controls insects”), it falls under FIFRA jurisdiction and requires EPA registration.
    • If the product only states benefits like “enhances plant vigor” or “improves root growth,” it may avoid registration.

Biostimulants

Biostimulants enhance plant growth, stress tolerance, and nutrient efficiency without directly targeting pests or diseases. Unlike biopesticides, they do not require EPA registration, leading to a highly unregulated market.

That said as a disclaimer there are many biostimulants that do a good job at preventing, controlling or managing for pests in crops. They can have a dual function even though they don’t have an EPA registration – a definite grey area!

Key Categories of Biostimulants:
  • Microbial Biostimulants: Beneficial bacteria and fungi that improve nutrient uptake and plant stress resilience.
  • Seaweed and Plant Extracts: Natural compounds that stimulate plant metabolism and root development.
  • Amino Acids and Humic Substances: Organic molecules that enhance soil health and nutrient availability.
  • For a complete look at biostimulants check out this post and the many different types available. Biostimulants: The Next New Frontier

This chart above (just click on it for a larger image) shows how an ISR system works in the plant. Many biostimulants are classified as ISR’s because they are used to stimulate a plant’s defense mechanisms against many pest and environmental problems. This “primed” state may last the life of a plant or more than likely needs to be reinforced through multiple applications.

This chart above (just click on it for a larger image) shows how an SAR system works in the plant. In many cases an SAR developed biostimulant will also be labeled with EPA as a biopesticide simply because it does control specific pests in the plant while boosting the plants defense mechanisms.

Similarities Between Biopesticides and Biostimulants
  • Both are used in sustainable and organic agriculture to reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals.
  • Derived from natural sources, including microorganisms and plant extracts.
  • Improve overall plant health, either through disease suppression (biopesticides) or enhanced resilience (biostimulants).
  • Can be combined with conventional or organic inputs in integrated pest and crop management (IPM/ICM).
FeatureBiopesticidesBiostimulants
Primary PurposeControl pests and diseasesImprove plant growth and resilience
MechanismDirectly targets pests/pathogensEnhances plant physiological processes
RegulationSubject to pesticide regulations (EPA, OMRI)Less regulatory oversight, often considered soil amendments
Mode of ActionAntibiosis, competition, parasitismHormonal stimulation, nutrient uptake efficiency
ExamplesBacillus subtilis for fungal disease controlSeaweed extracts for drought tolerance

Industry Challenges and Regulatory Considerations

One of the biggest challenges in the biostimulant industry is the lack of clear regulations. While biopesticides undergo rigorous EPA evaluation, biostimulants can be marketed with minimal oversight. This has led to the proliferation of products with unverified claims, making it difficult for growers to differentiate effective solutions from ineffective ones.

Government agencies are actively considering regulatory frameworks for biostimulants to ensure quality control without stifling innovation. The Biostimulant Industry Alliance and other trade organizations are working to establish scientific standards and promote best practices.

Market Trends and Future Outlook

Despite challenges, the biopesticide and biostimulant markets are poised for significant growth. Market research predicts a continued rise in demand due to increasing consumer preference for organic and residue-free crops. Additionally, advancements in microbial formulations and AI-driven precision agriculture will enhance the effectiveness of these products.

Data and Charts from Industry Sources

1. Projected Market Growth of Biopesticides and Biostimulants (2020-2030)
  • Data Source: Market research reports from MarketsandMarkets, Mordor Intelligence, and Research and Markets.
  • Methodology: Extrapolation of market size based on reported CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) values of 12-15% for biopesticides and 13-16% for biostimulants from recent industry reports.

References:

  • MarketsandMarkets (2023). Biopesticides Market – Global Forecast 2028.
  • Mordor Intelligence (2023). Biostimulants Market Analysis & Forecast 2028.
  • Research and Markets (2023). Trends in Agricultural Biologicals.
2. Investment Trends in Biostimulant Research and Development (2015-2025)
  • Data Source: Reports from AgFunder, FAO, and OECD on global agricultural input investments.
  • Methodology: Estimation based on reported investments in biologicals, venture capital funding for agri-tech startups, and projected R&D budgets from industry leaders.

References:

  • AgFunder (2023). Investment in AgTech and Biostimulants.
  • FAO (2023). Sustainable Agriculture and Innovation Trends.
  • OECD (2022). Trends in Agricultural R&D.
3. Adoption Rates of Biostimulants Across Different Crop Sectors
  • Data Source: Surveys and adoption studies from USDA, European Biostimulant Industry Council (EBIC), and International Biostimulants Forum.
  • Methodology: Aggregated adoption data from industry reports and regional case studies, indicating highest adoption in vegetable and fruit production, with lower adoption in ornamentals.

References:

  • USDA (2023). Adoption of Biostimulants in U.S. Crop Production.
  • EBIC (2023). European Biostimulants Market Report.
  • International Biostimulants Forum (2022). Global Trends in Biological Crop Inputs.
4. Regulatory Differences Between Biopesticides and Biostimulants
  • Data Source: Regulations from EPA, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and USDA Organic Program.
  • Methodology: Comparative analysis of regulatory frameworks governing product registration, scientific validation, and market oversight for biopesticides versus biostimulants.

References:

  • EPA (2023). Biopesticide Registration Guidelines.
  • EFSA (2023). Regulatory Framework for Biostimulants in the EU.
  • USDA (2023). Organic Input Standards and Market Oversight.

Selling Your Organic Grain – Be Prepared!

  1. Why Contracts Are Essential in Organic Grain Sales
  2. Organic Grain Growers Checklist for Selling to Buyers
  3. Pre-Sale Preparation
  4. Before Delivery
  5. Delivery & Inspection
  6. Payment & Dispute Prevention
  7. Additional Protections

Why Contracts Are Essential in Organic Grain Sales

Selling organic grain is not as straightforward as selling conventional grain at an elevator, where pricing and quality adjustments are often standardized. In the organic grain market, unclear contracts, inconsistent pricing adjustments, and slow payments are common challenges that can put YOU at a disadvantage. Many organic buyers have been known to accept deliveries without immediate quality verification, only to later claim that the grain does not meet specifications. This often results in unexpected discounts deducted from the final payment, sometimes with little to no communication until the check arrives. Additionally, delayed payments can create financial strain for farmers who rely on timely income to manage expenses and reinvest in their operations.

These issues are not unique to one buyer but are widespread across the organic grain industry, where transactions are often handled differently than traditional grain sales. Unlike selling to an elevator, where grain is weighed, graded, and priced immediately, organic grain buyers frequently negotiate terms individually, leading to greater risk for the grower if expectations are not clearly defined upfront. Without a well-structured contract that specifies quality standards, pricing, delivery terms, and payment deadlines, farmers may find themselves in disputes over quality, receiving lower payments than expected, or waiting months to be paid.

To protect growers from these risks, formal contracts should be a standard practice in organic grain sales. A well-written contract provides transparency, ensures both parties agree on quality and pricing expectations, and reduces the likelihood of unfair deductions or disputes. Additionally, incorporating steps such as pre-approved grain samples and documented delivery inspections can help establish trust and accountability in transactions. By setting clear terms in writing, organic growers can secure fair payment for their crops and create a more predictable and long-term marketing process.

Organic Grain Growers Checklist for Selling to Buyers

Pre-Sale Preparation

✅ Research the Buyer – Check past experiences, ask other farmers, and ensure the buyer has a good reputation.
✅ Obtain a Written Contract – Do not rely on verbal agreements. Ensure all details are in writing.
✅ Define Quality Specifications – Specify acceptable moisture, test weight, foreign material limits, and any other grading factors.
✅ Determine Discount Schedule – Get in writing how much will be deducted for deviations from specifications.
✅ Set a Payment Schedule – Include clear payment terms (Net 15, Net 30, etc.) and penalties for late payment.
✅ Require a Pre-Approved Sample – Send a sample to the buyer before the deal is finalized and get a written quality approval.

Before Delivery

✅ Keep Records of Grain Quality – Document test weight, moisture content, and any lab results before shipping.
✅ Take Photos of the Grain – Have visual proof of quality before it leaves the farm.
✅ Confirm Delivery Details – Date, time, location, and any special unloading requirements.
✅ Clarify Inspection at Delivery – Require written acceptance of the load upon delivery to avoid later disputes.

Delivery & Inspection

✅ Request a Third-Party Inspection (If Necessary) – If there are concerns, get an independent inspection at delivery.
✅ Obtain a Delivery Receipt – Ensure the buyer acknowledges the grain’s arrival and confirms quality in writing.
✅ Document Any Quality Concerns Immediately – If issues arise, get a signed report at the time of unloading.

Payment & Dispute Prevention

✅ Track Payment Due Dates – Follow up if payment is delayed beyond the agreed timeframe.
✅ Dispute Any Unfair Discounts Promptly – If deductions occur, request documentation and negotiate if necessary.
✅ Consider Partial Upfront Payment – For large transactions, negotiate for partial pre-payment or escrow arrangements.

Additional Protections

✅ Keep a Paper Trail – Maintain emails, contracts, test results, and photos in case of a dispute.
✅ Clarify Liability for Rejections – If the grain is rejected, determine who covers the cost of returning or reselling it.
✅ Work With a Lawyer (For Large Sales) – For significant transactions, having a legal review can prevent future issues.

Understanding the Proper Use of Organic and Biological Products in Pest Control

I am asked all the time about organic and biological products. I have over 130 OMRI approved products on a list for controlling pests (weeds, disease and insects) in organic crops. As more growers turn to organic and biological products for pest control, it’s important to understand the nuances of their application. Unlike synthetic chemicals, these products require careful consideration of environmental conditions, mixing procedures, and application timing to be effective. People assume that the Extension Organic Specialist will know every product on the list and how they work – Wrong! I do know about many, but I am also very dependent on growers who use the products telling me about their experiences. I include a lot of that information in the list below.

To view the 5 Excel Sheets or to Download just click on the picture above.

Why Choose Biological Control Products?

Biological control products, while sometimes slower to act than botanical oils or mineral oils, offer several advantages. These products, often derived from beneficial fungi or bacteria, work by stopping insect feeding almost immediately. Over several hours, they gradually degrade the exoskeleton of pests and can also target eggs and larvae, preventing their development.

While oils can provide a quick knockdown effect, they can be harsh on crops, especially in regions like Texas where intense heat and light can exacerbate their impact. This makes biological products generally a safer option for maintaining crop health.

The Importance of Water pH and Quality

One of the most overlooked aspects of using organic and biological sprays is the pH and quality of the water used for mixing. In Texas, our hard water is notorious for high mineral content, which can bind with the active ingredients in sprays, reducing their effectiveness.

For most biological products, it’s crucial to buffer your water to a pH of 5.5-6.5. This range helps to ensure that the organisms remain stable and active in the solution. An exception is Pyganic, a natural pyrethroid, which is highly sensitive to pH. For Pyganic, water buffered to a pH of 4.0-5.0 is ideal for maximizing its efficacy.

Additionally, always use warm water, not cold, when mixing your sprays. Warm water helps the biologicals to remain active and mix more evenly, preventing the clumping that can occur with cold water.

Timing Your Application

Timing is everything when it comes to applying organic and biological products. Unlike synthetic chemicals, these products are sensitive to environmental conditions, particularly UV radiation. Applying them in the evening or at dusk is ideal for several reasons:

  • Reduced UV Exposure: UV radiation can degrade biological products quickly. Applying in the evening allows the product to remain effective longer.1
  • Insect Activity: Many insects are more active when it’s cooler and there’s less light, making it easier to target them effectively.
  • Improved Residual Effect: Spraying in the evening allows the droplets to stay moist longer, thanks to slightly higher humidity. This moisture helps the product adhere better to the plant surfaces and provides residual protection overnight.2

Click on this picture above to read about adjuvants

The Role of Organic Adjuvants in Biological Spray Applications

Organic adjuvants play a critical role in enhancing the performance of biological and organic spray products. By reducing the surface tension of the spray solution, adjuvants help the product spread more evenly across plant surfaces, ensuring better coverage of leaves, stems, and other target areas.

In addition to improving coverage, adjuvants help prevent biological products from drying out too quickly. Many beneficial organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, require time to adhere to the plant surface and begin their activity. Rapid drying can reduce their effectiveness. By maintaining moisture on the surface longer, adjuvants enhance the opportunity for these organisms to establish and do their job effectively.

When selecting an organic adjuvant, ensure it is compatible with the biological product you are using. Always follow label recommendations for application rates and test compatibility in a small jar test if you’re mixing multiple products. Proper use of surfactants can make a significant difference in achieving the desired results from your pest control program.

Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them

Many growers who experience issues with organic products often trace the problem back to a few common mistakes:

  1. Improper Mixing: Failing to buffer water or using cold water can lead to reduced efficacy. Always mix according to the product’s instructions and monitor the pH closely.
  2. Environmental Conditions: Applying products during the heat of the day or in bright sunlight can degrade their effectiveness. Always aim for cooler, less bright times of the day.3
  3. Timing: Don’t rush your application. Ensure that you’re applying at the right time to maximize the product’s impact.

Conclusion

By understanding and addressing these factors, you can significantly improve the effectiveness of your organic and biological pest control efforts. Remember, the success of these products often hinges on the details—proper mixing, the right environmental conditions, and timely application.

I encourage you to share your experiences and any questions you might have in the comments below. Together, we can continue to refine our practices and improve the outcomes of organic farming.

  1. The timing of pesticide application can significantly affect the level and persistence of pesticide residues. Evening applications generally lead to higher pesticide residue levels over a longer period compared to morning applications.
    Key Findings
    Effect of Application Timing: Evening applications of pesticides tend to result in higher residue levels that persist longer. This is because the conditions in the evening, such as lower temperatures and reduced sunlight, slow down the degradation of pesticides, allowing residues to remain on plants for extended periods (Norida et al., 2023; Moraes et al., 2021; Makram. et al., 2020).
    Degradation Factors: Sunlight and UV exposure are critical in the degradation of pesticides. Pesticides degrade more effectively when exposed to direct sunlight in the morning compared to the evening, as seen in studies where morning sunlight led to more significant degradation of certain pesticides (Makram. et al., 2020).
    Impact on Efficacy: The effectiveness of pesticides can also vary with the time of application. For instance, some studies have shown that morning applications can be more effective in controlling certain pests due to better environmental conditions for pesticide action (Skuterud et al., 1998; Moraes et al., 2021).
    Environmental Considerations: Applying pesticides in the evening can reduce the immediate impact on non-target organisms, such as bees, as residues have more time to dissipate before these organisms become active again in the morning (Swanson et al., 2023).
    Conclusion
    Evening applications of pesticides generally result in higher and more persistent residue levels compared to morning applications. This is due to slower degradation rates in the absence of sunlight and cooler temperatures. While this can enhance the persistence of pesticide effects, it also raises concerns about prolonged exposure to residues. Therefore, the timing of pesticide application should be carefully considered to balance efficacy and environmental impact.

    References
    Skuterud, R., Bjugstad, N., Tyldum, A., & Tørresen, K. (1998). Effect of herbicides applied at different times of the day. Crop Protection, 17, 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(98)80020-3
    Norida, M., Yahya, S., & Ghazali, F. (2023). Effectiveness of Homemade Repellents and Spray Timing in Controlling Insect Pest in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and Chinese Mustard (Brassica rapa var. Parachinensis). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1208. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1208/1/012021
    Swanson, L., Melathopoulos, A., & Bucy, M. (2023). Systematic review of residual toxicity studies of pesticides to bees and comparison to language on pesticide labels using data from studies and the Environmental Protection Agency. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.05.543089
    Moraes, H., Ferreira, L., De Souza, W., Faria, R., De Freitas, M., & Cecon, P. (2021). Spray volume, dose and time of day of glyphosate application in the control of Urochloa brizantha. Bioagro. https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro333.1
    Makram., S., Ibrahim, H., & Mohammed., M. (2020). EFFECT OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT AND UV-RAYS ON DEGRADATION OF BUPIRIMATE, PENCONAZOLE AND PROFENOFOS. **. https://doi.org/10.21608/fjard.2020.189675 ↩︎
  2. Ibid ↩︎
  3. Ibid ↩︎

Texas Organic Rice Update: Insights for Producers and Researchers

Great picture by USA Rice at the recent Western Rice Conference, January 15th in El Campo.

Organic rice production in Texas continues to evolve, with advancements in weed control, fertility management, and ratoon cropping showing promising results. This update covers the latest developments, challenges, and resources available to organic rice growers, with implications for both organic and conventional production systems.

Advancements in Organic Rice Production

1. Enhancing Yields with Ratoon Crop Production
Texas researchers are leading efforts to improve ratoon crop yields in organic rice. This practice of harvesting a second crop from the stubble of the first offers a sustainable way to maximize productivity without replanting, making it an attractive option for organic farmers. Paragraph from study below:

“To enhance nitrogen availability, the researchers utilized organic-approved inputs such as compost and cover crops, finding that an equivalent of 90 pounds of nitrogen per acre was optimal for achieving the greatest yields, with greater rates offering no additional advantage. This insight helps farmers optimize nitrogen inputs using sustainable sources, saving costs while promoting organic practices.”

2. Organic Variety Trials – 2023
Organic variety trials conducted in Garwood, Texas, showed promising results. These trials not only help identify suitable varieties for organic systems but also aid in improving overall seed supply for future seasons.

Variety AverageDry (lbs./ac.)Dry (Bu./ac.)Dry (barrels/ac.)
XP7537233160.744.6
RT74017091157.643.8
RT73016716149.241.5
RT73027263161.444.8
XL7236760150.241.7

Overcoming Challenges in Organic Rice Production

1. Weed Control Innovations
Weeds remain a major challenge for organic rice farmers. Here are some key tools and practices being used:

  • Northern Jointvetch Control: The bioherbicide LockDown (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. Aeschynomene) has shown great effectiveness. This live organism must be applied with a surfactant, offering a cost-effective solution.
  • Hemp Sesbania Management: USDA-approved use of Albifimbria verrucaria (formerly Myrothecium verrucaria) has demonstrated success against hemp sesbania and other weeds like sicklepod and pigweed.
  • Water-Seeding Method: The pinpoint flood system effectively suppresses weedy rice by creating anaerobic conditions that inhibit germination.

2. Organic Fertility Programs
Organic rice growers are adopting long-term fertility strategies, including the use of compost and biostimulants. Research highlights the importance of repeated compost applications to boost soil biological activity and improve yields.

  • Biostimulants in Focus: Biostimulants such as humic acids, seaweed extracts, and microbial inoculants can enhance plant growth. However, product quality remains inconsistent, necessitating thorough testing and careful application.

Market Trends and Opportunities

The organic rice market faces challenges related to supply chains, international competition, and fraud. Key issues include:

  • GMO concerns, especially in Mexico and China.
  • Limited seed supply due to adverse weather conditions in 2024, which impacted production in Texas.

Picture of an article in an Indian News Post showing “GMO” rice sent to Europe!

Despite these hurdles, Texas continues to work to expand organic rice production. Programs like the Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP) are equipping farmers with mentorship, community-building opportunities, and technical training to support successful transitions to organic farming.

Resources for Organic Farmers

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Organic Program provides a range of resources to support organic rice growers:

  • Podcasts: On TOPP of Organic offers insights into organic production practices.
  • Newsletters: Subscribe to bimonthly and monthly newsletters for the latest updates.
  • Workshops and Field Days: Covering topics such as certification, conservation planning, and marketing.

The Future of Organic Rice in Texas

Organic rice production has been a rapidly growing industry with vast potential but there are plenty of struggles right now. By addressing challenges like weed control and fertility management, and leveraging mentorship and research programs, Texas farmers can lead the way in sustainable and organic agriculture.

Lastly, this information is from Cognitive Market Research off their website. I took a picture of this graph showing that Organic Rice sales are growing tremendously and will continue to grow. I have rice growers say to me that people have quit buying organic rice and they believe this because our organic rice farmers can’t get contracts to grow organic rice. The problem is not that our US consumers don’t buy organic rice it is that organic rice imports are filling that demand – NOT Texas organic rice producers! So, I ask the question, “Where is this organic rice coming from?”

Other Rice Resources (just click a link!)